Basiswissen

/

• > Primary hierarchy root and root directory of the entire file system hierarchy.
  

/bin

• > Essential command binaries that need to be available in single user mode; for all users, e.g., cat, ls, cp.
  

/boot

• > Boot loader files, e.g., kernels, initrd.
  

/dev

• > Essential devices, e.g., /dev/null.
  

/etc

• > Host-specific system-wide configuration files
  

/etc/opt

• > Configuration files for add-on packages that are stored in /opt/.
  

/etc/sgml

• > Configuration files, such as catalogs, for software that processes SGML.
  

/etc/X11

• > Configuration files for the X Window System, version 11.
  

/etc/xml

• > Configuration files, such as catalogs, for software that processes XML.
  

/home

• > Users' home directories, containing saved files, personal settings, etc.
  

/lib

• > Libraries essential for the binaries in /bin/ and /sbin/.
  

/lib

• > Alternate format essential libraries. Such directories are optional, but if they exist, they have some requirements.
  

/media

• > Mount points for removable media such as CD-ROMs (appeared in FHS-2.3).
  

/mnt

• > Temporarily mounted filesystems.
  

/opt

• > Optional application software packages.
  

/proc

• > Virtual filesystem providing process and kernel information as files. In Linux, corresponds to a procfs mount.
  

/root

• > Home directory for the root user.
  

/run

• > Run-time variable data: Information about the running system since last boot, e.g., currently logged-in users and running daemons.
  

/sbin

• > Essential system binaries, e.g., fsck, init, route.
  

/srv

• > Site-specific data served by this system, such as data and scripts for web servers, data offered by FTP servers, and repositories for version control systems.
  

/tmp

• > Temporary files (see also /var/tmp). Often not preserved between system reboots, and may be severely size restricted.
  

/usr

• > Secondary hierarchy for read-only user data; contains the majority of (multi-)user utilities and applications.
  

/usr/bin

• > Non-essential command binaries (not needed in single user mode); for all users.
  

/usr/include

• > Standard include files.
  

/usr/lib

• > Libraries for the binaries in /usr/bin/ and /usr/sbin/.
  

/usr/lib

• > Alternate format libraries (optional).
  

/usr/local

• > Tertiary hierarchy for local data, specific to this host. Typically has further subdirectories, e.g., bin/, lib/, share/.
  

/usr/sbin

• > Non-essential system binaries, e.g., daemons for various network-services.
  

/usr/share

• > Architecture-independent (shared) data.
  

/usr/src

• > Source code, e.g., the kernel source code with its header files.
  

/usr/X11R6

• > X Window System, Version 11, Release 6 (up to FHS-2.3, optional).
  

/var

• > Variable files—files whose content is expected to continually change during normal operation of the system—such as logs, spool files, and temporary e-mail files.
  

/var/cache

• > Application cache data. Such data are locally generated as a result of time-consuming I/O or calculation. The application must be able to regenerate or restore the data. The cached files can be deleted without loss of data.
  

/var/lib

• > State information. Persistent data modified by programs as they run, e.g., databases, packaging system metadata, etc.
  

/var/lock

• > Lock files. Files keeping track of resources currently in use.
  

/var/log

• > Log files. Various logs.
  

/var/mail

• > Users' mailboxes.
  

/var/opt

• > Variable data from add-on packages that are stored in /opt/.
  

/var/run

• > Run-time variable data. This directory contains system information data describing the system since it was booted.
  

/var/spool

• > Spool for tasks waiting to be processed, e.g., print queues and outgoing mail queue.
  

/var/spool/mail

• > Deprecated location for users' mailboxes.
  

/var/tmp

• > Temporary files to be preserved between reboots.